Estudio zootécnico de la Neosporosis bovina: análisis teórico de orientación para los ganaderos de Santander y Boyacá

Una de las principales causas de baja productividad en los hatos ganaderos del país son los problemas reproductivos; aunque se han caracterizado algunas enfermedades como agentes, estudios han demostrado que más de 14 enfermedades generan afecciones reproductivas, y muchas de las cuales no son conocidas por los ganaderos. La Neosporosis bovina es ocasionada por el protozoario llamado Neospora caninum, causante de grandes pérdidas económicas en la ganadería bovina debido a que produce abortos en vacas, tanto doble propósito como de carne y leche. Su presentación es evidente en los hatos de la región de Santander y Boyacá y hace parte de las enfermedades que causan fallas reproductivas en estas regiones, por tanto, se tiene como propósito ampliar el panorama de la enfermedad producida por el parásito haciendo un detallado reconocimiento histórico de la presentación de la enfermedad y los eventos que suceden en cada entorno, prevalencia de la enfermedad en el mundo, morfología, ciclo de vida específico, las vías de transmisión ya sea transparentaría o por contacto y alteraciones patológicas de importancia epidemiológica y su diagnóstico mediante pruebas de laboratorio. El propósito de realizar este estudio zootécnicos de la enfermedad, ha sido el de conocer la incidencia del parásito Neospora caninum como causa importante en la falla reproductiva y su participación en las perdidas económicas generadas a las explotaciones ganaderas; además, de conocer su epidemiologia, caracterización del parásito en sus diferentes fases, los mecanismos de defensa del animal tanto de la madre como del feto en la parte inmune, los diferentes métodos de diagnóstico, el tipo de muestra que se debe remitir al laboratorio y la especificidad de cada una de ellas, una vez revisada y analizada la información se dieron unas medidas de manejo, control, profilaxis y tratamiento.A major causes of low productivity in livestock herds in the country are reproductive problems; although some diseases have been characterized as agents, studies have shown that more than 14 diseases cause reproductive harm, and many of which are not known by farmers. Bovine Neosporosis is caused by the protozoan called Neospora caninum, which causes great economic losses in cattle because it produces abortions in cows, both dual purpose as meat and milk. His presentation is evident in herds in the region of Santander and Boyaca and is part of the diseases that cause reproductive failure in these regions, therefore, it is intended to broaden the outlook of the disease caused by the parasite making a detailed historical recognition presentation of the disease and the events that happen in each environment, disease prevalence in the world, morphology, specific life cycle, transmission routes either transparentaría or by contact and pathological changes in epidemiological importance and diagnosis by Lab tests. The purpose of conducting this zootechnical disease study, was to determine the incidence of the parasite N. caninum as an important cause reproductive failure and their participation in economic losses generated livestock farms; Besides knowing its epidemiology, characterization of the parasite in its various phases, the defense mechanisms of the animal both mother and fetus in immune part, the different methods of diagnosis, type of sample should be forwarded to the laboratory and the specificity of each of them, once reviewed and analyzed information management measures, control, prophylaxis and treatment were given

Dinámica de anticuerpos y factores de riesgo para DVB, IBR, Leptospira y Neospora en muestras de leche de hatos de la Provincia de Ubaté

Se diseñó un estudio de cohorte, evaluando IBR, DBV, Neosporosis y leptospirosis, en la Provincia de Ubaté – Cundinamarca. Se hizo un seguimiento de la prevalencia y dinámica a nivel de hato detectando anticuerpos en leche de tanque. Se tomaron muestras por finca trimestralmente entre 2016 y 2017. La información de manejo y salud reproductiva de 365 pequeños productores, se tomó cada 45 días. Estos datos y los resultados de las pruebas se analizaron por regresión logística binaria para establecer factores de riesgo (p0.05). Además, se realizó un análisis espacial de riesgo por ubicación y la presencia de clústers. Se encontró una prevalencia para IBR, DVB, neosporosis y leptospirosis del 27.9%,79.7%, 90.6% y 43.5% respectivamente. La Tasa de Incidencia (100 hatos/ mes), por trimestre, fue 2.3, 2 y 2.2 para IBR; 11.2, 7.7 y 14.8 para DVB; 14.4, 14.0 y 20.4 para neosporosis y 0.8, 2.0 y 3.0 para leptospirosis. Los factores de riesgo asociados a IBR fueron el uso de inseminación artificial, la presencia de endometritis; para DVB se encontró como protección, hatos no expuestos a PI. Para N. caninum se encontró como factor de protección, la venta de animales y de riesgo, la presencia de trastornos reproductivos al igual que para L. hardjo . Hatos con más de 6 o 7 hembras fue un factor de riesgo común para IBR, DVB y L. hardjo . En el análisis espacial, los municipios con mayor riesgo (P0.05) a presentar enfermedad, fueron Carmen de Carupa para DVB (RR:3.09), neosporosis (RR:3.09) y leptospirosis (RR:3.49) y Sutatausa para IBR (RR:5.14) y DVB (RR: 3.45). Se concluye que la muestra de leche es útil para evaluar la exposición, dinámica y establecimiento de factores de riesgo asociados a diversas enfermedades en una poblaciónAbstract: A cohort study was designed to evaluate antibodies dynamics for IBR, BVDV, Neosporosis and leptospirosis, in the Province of Ubaté, Cundinamarca in bulk tank milk. The prevalence and dynamics at the herd level were monitored quarterly between 2016 and 2017. Management information and reproductive health of 365 small producers was taken every 45 days. These data and the results of the tests were analyzed by binary logistic regression (p0.05) to establish risk factors. In addition, a spatial risk analysis was performed by location and the presence of clusters was detected. Prevalence for IBR, BVDV, neosporosis and leptospirosis was 27.9%, 79.7%, 90.6% and 43.5% respectively. Incidence rate for every 100 herds / month, per quarter, was 2.3, 2.0, and 2.2 for IBR; 11.2, 7.7 and 14.8 for BVDV; 14.4, 14.0 and 20.4 for neosporosis and 0.8, 2.0 and 3.0 for leptospirosis. Risk factors associated with IBR were the use of artificial insemination and the presence of endometritis. For BVDV herds not exposed to PI was found as a protective factor. For Neosporosis, the sale of animals was considered a protective factor and reproductive disorders was a risk factor as well as for L. harjo. Herds with more than 6 or 7 females was a common risk factor for IBR, BVDV and L. harjo. In the spatial analysis, the municipalities with the highest risk were Carmen de Carupa for BVDV (RR: 3.09), neosporosis (RR: 3.09) and leptospirosis (RR: 3.49) and Sutatausa for IBR (RR: 5.14) and BVDV (RR: 3.45). It is concluded that the milk sample is useful to evaluate the exposure, dynamics and establishment of risk factors associated with various diseases in a population.Maestrí

Prevalência e fatores de risco para leptospirose, diarreia viral bovina (DVB) e rinotraqueíte infecciosa bovina (IBR) em bovinos e búfalos da Colômbia.

Um dos fatores limitantes da eficiência produtiva dos rebanhos bovinos e bubalinos se relaciona com a alta prevalência de doenças infecciosas que afetam a reprodução. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a prevalência de anticorpos anti-Leptospira e para os Vírus da diarreia viral bovina e Herpesvírus bovino tipo 1 em rebanhos bovinos e bubalinos da Colômbia. Para este estudo foram coletadas amostras de soro sanguíneo de 1100 bubalinos e 1000 bovinos. O teste de ELISA foi utilizado para detecção de anticorpos referentes aos vírus da diarreia viral bovina e Herpesvírus bovino tipo e a técnica de aglutinação microscópica para detecção de anticorpos anti-Leptospira incluindo para esta análise treze sorovares. A prevalência de anticorpos anti-Leptospira, e para os Vírus da diarreia viral bovina e Herpesvírus bovino tipo 1 em amostras de bovinos foi positiva em 16%, 39,7%, e 65% dos animais, respectivamente, enquanto que nas amostras de bubalinos a positivadade foi de 18,7%, 27,5% e 51,5%, respectivamente. A exposição de bovinos e bubalinos ao Herpesvírus bovino tipo 1 foi positivamente associada à idade (<.0001). A soropositividade de bovinos para os Vírus da diarreia viral bovina e Herpesvírus bovino tipo 1 foi mais prevalente em animais machos (p= < 0,05). A associação aos fatores de risco identificou que atividades rotineiras de manejo, tais como a transferência de embriões, a ordenha, e a reutilização de agulhas, assim como a presença de outras espécies animais como gatos e roedores são fatores que favorecem a positividade de um rebanho aos Vírus da diarreia viral bovina e Herpesvírus bovino tipo 1. Não foram identificados fatores de risco estatisticamente significativos para a presença da Leptospira spp.One of the limiting factors of the productive efficiency of cattle and buffalo herds is related to the high prevalence of infectious diseases that affect reproduction. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira antibodies and for bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus type 1 in bovine and buffalo herds of Colombia. For this study, blood serum samples were collected from 1100 buffalo and 1000 cattle. The ELISA was used to detect antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus type and the microscopic agglutination technique for detection of anti-Leptospira antibodies including thirteen serovars for this analysis. The prevalence of anti-Leptospira antibodies, and for bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus type 1 in bovine samples was positive in 16%, 39.7%, and 65% of animals, respectively, while in buffalo samples. the positivity was 18.7%, 27.5% and 51.5%, respectively. Exposure of cattle and buffaloes to bovine herpesvirus type 1 was positively associated with age (<.0001). The seropositivity of cattle for bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus type 1 was more prevalent in male animals (p = <0.05). The association with risk factors has identified that routine management activities such as embryo transfer, milking, and needle reuse, as well as the presence of other animal species such as cats and rodents are factors that favor the positivity of a herd. bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus type 1. No statistically significant risk factors were identified for the presence of Leptospira spp

Estado serológico para IBR, DVB, Leucosis, Leptospira y Neospora caninum en hembras bovinas del Departamento de Santander, Colombia.

Objective. To determine the serological status of bovine females for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), leucosis, Leptospira and Neospora caninum in the department of Santander, Colombia. Materials and methods. Convenience sampling was conducted on 460 cattle farms in 23 municipalities of Santander (Colombia). The collected sera were analyzed using different commercial ELISA kits following the manufacturer’s instructions. Results. Seroreactive animals were found for all diseases studied, with general prevalence rates of 21.8% for leucosis, 26.1% for Leptospira, 29.7% for BVD, 48.2% for IBR and 63% for Neospora. Conclusions. The prevalence rates of the diseases analyzed in the department of Santander among the bovine population fluctuate from medium to high and thus require official control measures.Objetivo. Conocer el estado serológico de hembras bovinas a IBR, DVB, leucosis, leptospira y Neospora caninum en el departamento de Santander, Colombia. Materiales y métodos.  Se realizó un muestreo por conveniencia en 460 fincas ganaderas de 23 municipios de Santander (Colombia), los sueros  colectados fueron analizados mediante diferentes kits comerciales de ELISA siguiendo las instrucciones del fabricante. Resultados. En todas las enfermedades estudiadas se encontraron animales seroreactores, correspondiendo la prevalencia general a Leucosis 21.8%, Leptospira 26.1%, DVB 29.7%, IBR 48.2% y Neospora 63 %. Conclusiones. En el departamento de Santander las enfermedades analizadas se encuentran en la población bovina con prevalencias que fluctúan entre medio a alto, lo cual requiere medidas de control oficial